The spindle component is the core part of CNC machine tool. Its operation accuracy, wear resistance, shock resistance and mechanical strength will affect the quality of workpiece processing. In addition, there will be environmental and human factors in the operation process, so the quality of workpiece processing is more difficult to guarantee. Therefore, we should start from the controllable aspects, adjust all controllable factors in place, such as the spindle structure design of CNC machine tools and the daily maintenance of spindle structure.
At present, the types of CNC machine tools mainly include CNC lathe, CNC milling machine and workpiece machining center.
1. Structural characteristics of spindle components of CNC lathe
(1) The main structure of the spindle is a hollow stepped shaft.
(2) The front part of the spindle is mainly composed of flange plate and special chuck structure.
(3) The rear part of the spindle is placed with a rotary cylinder.
(4) The hollow part of the spindle is used to set the piston rod of the oil cylinder.
(5) The transmission device of lathe mainly includes gear transmission, conveyor belt transmission and gear conveyor belt combination transmission.
(6) The main function of the driver is to connect the motor to drive the operation of CNC lathe.
(7) Photoelectric pulse encoder is used to measure the rotation speed of the spindle and feed back the information to the CNC system in time.
(8) The main function of rotary cylinder is to control the combination and separation of chuck device and flange plate by adjusting hydraulic pressure.
2. Structural characteristics of spindle components of CNC milling machine
(1) As with CNC lathe, the center of spindle is hollow.
(2) The front part of the spindle is a taper hole with a ratio of 7:24, and a pair of special spindle torque detection devices are set on the end face to transmit the spindle torque data to the milling cutter.
(3) The back part of the main shaft is provided with a hydraulic cylinder device for loosening the milling cutter.
(4) The hollow part in the middle of the spindle is used for the installation of the spring and the fixed claw of the milling cutter.
(5) The transmission device of the main shaft is gear transmission and variable speed transmission.
(6) The electrical structure is similar to CNC lathe, the driver is used to connect the motor to drive the operation of the CNC milling machine; the photoelectric pulse encoder is used to measure the rotation speed of the spindle, and timely feedback information to the CNC system; the main function of the hydraulic cylinder is to control the return circuit by adjusting the hydraulic pressure.
3. Structural characteristics of spindle components of workpiece machining center
The general structure of the spindle part of the workpiece processing center is similar to that of the CNC milling machine. The only difference lies in the fact that the workpiece machining center has its own tool magazine and automatic tool change device. The degree of automation is relatively high, and the control structure is different from that of the NC milling cutter
(1) The main function of the spindle is to strictly control the stop position of the spindle, so that the automatic tool change device can change the tool accurately and efficiently.
(2) The tool distribution system of the tool magazine is connected with the numerical control system, so that the tool delivered from the tool magazine can be transferred to the CNC machine tool by the numerical control device in time to complete the automatic tool change.
On 2018-08-08 11:45:46
