New materials refer to some newly developed or under development materials with superior performance, which have better performance than traditional materials. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to new materials, and the country also attaches importance to the development of new material industry.
New material technology is based on the will of human beings, through a series of research processes, such as physical research, material design, material processing, test and evaluation, to create a new material technology that can meet various needs.
Key tasks
According to the overall plan of the State Council on accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries, in order to implement the 12th Five Year Plan for the development of new material industry, do a good job in the standardization of new material industry, establish and improve the new material industry standard system, and promote the development of new material industry, the three-year action plan for the standardization of new material industry is hereby formulated.
（1） Strengthen the development and revision of standards in key new material fields
Special metal functional materials. We will actively promote the preparation and revision of key standards for high-purity metals and targets, rare and precious metals, energy storage materials, new semiconductor materials, new generation amorphous materials, fine alloys, etc., formulate and issue standards for rare earth permanent magnets, luminescent and other functional materials in complete sets and systems, and pay close attention to the development of basic and methodological standards for material performance testing, composition analysis, standard samples, etc. We completed the preparation and revision of 40 key new material standards such as catalytic materials and targets, put forward 80 key standard development plans, and carried out 5 key standard pre studies.
High end metal structure materials. Focus on the development of high-temperature alloy and corrosion-resistant alloy, corrosion-resistant steel, special stainless steel, tool and mold steel, bearing steel, gear steel, aluminum alloy, special magnesium alloy and titanium alloy for rail transit, and further improve the supporting foundation and method standards for ultrasonic testing, non-destructive testing, mechanical testing of metal materials. We have completed the preparation and revision of 30 key new material standards, including steel for nuclear power, corrosion-resistant alloy and titanium alloy, and put forward 40 key standard development plans.
Advanced polymer materials. Formulate and issue a batch of key product standards for special rubber and special additives such as butyl rubber, engineering plastics and products such as polyamide, battery diaphragm, optical functional membrane, special separation membrane and components, environment-friendly coatings and functional chemicals, complete the preparation and revision of supporting standards such as determination methods, general technical conditions and application specifications. We have completed the preparation and revision of 65 key new material standards in functional film, special rubber and other fields, and put forward 110 key standard development plans.
New inorganic nonmetallic materials. Focus on the development of advanced ceramics, such as electro-optic ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics, microcrystalline glass, high-purity quartz glass and special raw materials, scintillation crystal, laser crystal and other product standards, accelerate the pace of material impurity detection, test methods and other supporting standards, and strengthen the development of supporting standards. We have completed the preparation and revision of 50 key new material standards in the fields of special glass and silicon nitride ceramic materials, put forward 30 key standard development plans, and carried out 5 key standard pre studies.
High performance composite materials. We will formulate and improve standards for high-performance fibers such as carbon fiber and basalt fiber, accelerate the formulation and issuance of relevant standards for fiber-reinforced composite materials, actively develop standards for resin based and ceramic based composite products, and study standards for composite classification methods, performance testing, and special raw materials. We have completed the preparation and revision of 10 key new material standards, including high-end glass reinforced fiber, put forward 30 key standard development plans, and carried out 10 standard pre studies.
Cutting edge new materials. Timely carry out the standard pre research work in the frontier field, coordinate and optimize the key technical indicators, focus on nano powder materials, graphene, superconducting materials and raw materials, biological materials and products, intelligent materials and other products, complete 5 key new material standards development work, put forward 10 key standard development plans, and carry out 30 Pre study of standards, closely follow the development trend of international new material technology standards, and make the standard layout in advance.
（2） Actively carry out application demonstration of key new material standards
With the standards of high-strength steel bars, functional membrane materials, special glass, rare metal materials, rare earth functional materials, composite materials and other fields as the hub, facing the demands of electronic information, high-end equipment and other fields for new materials, we will build a standard formulation, revision and implementation mechanism that combines upstream and downstream, complements each other's advantages, and interacts well, so as to improve the adaptability of new material standards Use, give full play to the support and leading role of standards in industrial development.
Select key new material fields, and carry out special demonstration projects for application of key new material standards in some regions where conditions permit. Relying on the cooperation mechanism between the Ministry and the province, actively promote the standardization of local new materials, and based on the new material standards, explore and carry out the identification of new material products to meet the standards.
（3） Accelerating the international standardization of new material industry
Closely combined with the key points of the 12th Five Year Plan, we will promptly carry out comparative analysis and Research on international standards of new material industry and foreign advanced standards to find the gap between China's new material industry standards and international standards and foreign advanced standards. According to the demand of new material industry and application, combined with the actual situation of our country, accelerate the transformation of advanced and applicable international standards and foreign advanced standards, and improve the technical level of new material industry standards in our country.
Strengthen the development trend and dynamic analysis of international standardization of new material industry, carry out the technical reserve of international standardization of new material industry, build the project library of international standard proposal of new material, and promote the independent new material technical standard to go international. Encourage the powerful enterprises or units to participate in the international standardization of new material industry, establish an international standard communication platform, strive for the initiative of the international standardization of new material industry, and improve the international competitiveness of China's new material industry.
development
The output value of the world's material industry is growing at a rate of about 30% every year. New chemical materials, microelectronics, optoelectronics and new energy have become the most active, fastest-growing and favored new material field by investors. Material innovation has become one of the important driving forces for the progress of human civilization, as well as the development of technology and industrial upgrading.
The new chemical material industry is one of the emerging industries in the low-carbon economy supported by the state. According to the decision on accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries and the 12th Five Year Plan for the development of new material industry, the new chemical material industry has become the leading industry of the national economy; According to the 12th Five Year Plan for science and technology development of petroleum and chemical industry, the gap between the overall technology level of domestic high-end chemical new materials and developed countries will be narrowed to about 10 years by 2015, reaching the international advanced level at the beginning of this century; According to the 12th Five year development plan for petrochemical and chemical industry, the development priorities of new chemical materials in the 12th Five year plan include special synthetic rubber, engineering plastics, high-performance fibers, fluorosilicone materials, degradable materials, functional membrane materials, functional polymer materials and composite materials.
There is a huge market gap in the domestic market of new chemical materials. The import volume accounts for most of the domestic market share. The overall self-sufficiency rate of new chemical materials in China is about 56%, among which the self-sufficiency rate of new chemical materials in new fields is only 52%, and that of engineering plastics and special rubber is only 35% and 30%.
Chemical new material products will go through the process of product gross profit rate fluctuation and import substitution rate rising. In the process of import substitution of new chemical materials, the contradiction between supply and demand of most products is not prominent, and some products are in short supply. The expansion of production capacity of enterprises mastering core technology can obtain profits directly proportional to investment, and most enterprises can achieve sustained and rapid growth. High barriers bring high returns. The gross profit margin of advanced chemical new material products is more than 70%, far exceeding the industry average profit of about 15% of bulk chemicals.
brief introduction
With the development of science and technology, people develop new materials on the basis of traditional materials and the research results of modern science and technology. New materials are divided into four categories: metal materials, inorganic non-metallic materials (such as ceramics, GaAs semiconductors, etc.), organic polymer materials and advanced composite materials. It can be divided into structural materials and functional materials according to material properties. Structural materials mainly use the mechanical and physical-chemical properties of materials to meet the performance requirements of high strength, high rigidity, high hardness, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, etc.; functional materials mainly use the electrical, magnetic, acoustic, photothermal and other effects of materials, In order to achieve some functions, such as semiconductor materials, magnetic materials, photosensitive materials, thermal sensitive materials, stealth materials and nuclear materials for making atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs. New materials play an important role in national defense construction. For example, the successful development of ultra pure silicon and gallium arsenide has led to the birth of large-scale and ultra large scale integrated circuits, which has increased the computing speed from hundreds of thousands of times per second to more than 10 billion times per second; the thrust of aeroengine materials can be increased by 24% for every 100 ℃ increase in operating temperature; the hidden materials can absorb electromagnetic waves or reduce the infrared radiation of weapons and equipment, making it difficult for enemy detection systems Discovery and so on.
One of the main directions of science and technology development in the 21st century is the development and application of new materials. The research of new materials is a deeper March of human understanding and application of material properties.
type
New composite materials
The use of new composite materials can be traced back to ancient times. Straw reinforced clay and reinforced concrete, which have been used for hundreds of years, are composed of two materials. In the 1940s, due to the needs of the aviation industry, glass fiber reinforced plastics (commonly known as FRP) was developed, and the name of composite material came into being. Since the 1950s, high strength and high modulus fibers such as carbon fiber, graphite fiber and boron fiber have been developed. Aramid fiber and silicon carbide fiber appeared in 1970s. These high-strength and high modulus fibers can be compounded with synthetic resin, carbon, graphite, ceramics, rubber and other non-metallic matrix or aluminum, magnesium, titanium and other metal matrix to form composite materials with different characteristics.
The strength of UHMWPE fiber is the highest among all kinds of fibers, especially its chemical resistance and corrosion resistance. It also has excellent high-frequency sonar permeability and seawater corrosion resistance. Many countries have used it to manufacture the high-frequency sonar fairing of warships, which greatly improves the mine detection and minesweeping ability of warships. The composite new materials developed by Scarlett new materials in China represent a higher level in China. In addition to the military field, UHMWPE fiber has a broad application prospect in automobile manufacturing, ship manufacturing, medical equipment, sports equipment and other fields. As soon as the fiber came out, it attracted the great interest and attention of the developed countries in the world.
Superconductive material
When the temperature of some materials drops to a certain critical temperature, their resistance disappears completely. This phenomenon is called superconductivity, and the materials with this phenomenon are called superconductive materials. Another characteristic of superconductors is that when the resistance disappears, the magnetic induction line will not pass through the superconductor, which is called diamagnetism.
The resistivity of general metals (such as copper) decreases with the decrease of temperature. When the temperature is close to 0k, the resistance reaches a certain value. In 1919, the Dutch scientist Annes cooled the mercury with liquid helium. When the temperature dropped to 4.2K (i.e. - 269 ℃), he found that the resistance of the mercury completely disappeared,
Superconductivity and diamagnetism are two important properties of superconductors. The temperature at which the superconductor resistance is zero is called the critical temperature (TC). The problem of superconducting materials research is to break through the "temperature barrier", that is, to find high temperature superconducting materials.
The practical superconducting materials, such as NbTi and Nb3Sn, have been commercialized and have been applied in many fields, such as NMR human body imaging (NMRI), superconducting magnet and large accelerator magnet. Squid, as a model of weak current application of superconductor, has played an important role in the measurement of weak electromagnetic signal, and its sensitivity is beyond the reach of any other non superconducting device. However, because the critical temperature of conventional cryosuperconductors is too low, they must be used in the expensive and complex liquid helium (4.2K) system, which seriously limits the development of cryosuperconductors.
The appearance of high temperature oxide superconductor breaks through the temperature barrier, and raises the application temperature of superconductor from liquid helium (4.2K) to liquid nitrogen (77K). Compared with liquid helium, liquid nitrogen is a very economical refrigerant with high heat capacity, which brings great convenience to engineering application. In addition, high temperature superconductors have high magnetic properties and can be used to generate strong magnetic fields of more than 20t.
The most attractive applications of superconducting materials are power generation, power transmission and energy storage. Using superconducting materials to make the coil magnet of the superconducting generator can increase the magnetic field strength of the generator to 50000-60000 Gauss, and there is almost no energy loss. Compared with the conventional generator, the single unit capacity of the superconducting generator is increased by 5-10 times, and the power generation efficiency is increased by 50%; the superconducting transmission line and the superconducting transformer can transmit the power to the user almost without loss, according to statistics, copper or aluminum About 15% of the electric energy of conductor power transmission is lost on the transmission lines. In China, the annual electric power loss is more than 100 billion degrees. If the superconducting power transmission is replaced, the electric energy saved is equivalent to dozens of new large-scale power plants. The working principle of the superconducting maglev train is to use the diamagnetism of the superconducting material to place the superconducting material above the permanent magnet (or magnetic field). Because of the diamagnetism of the superconducting material, the magnetic field The magnetic field line of a body cannot pass through the superconductor. The repulsive force between the magnet (or magnetic field) and the superconductor will cause the superconductor to suspend above. This kind of magnetic suspension effect can be used to make high-speed superconducting magnetic suspension train, such as the high-speed train of Shanghai Pudong International Airport; for superconducting computer, the high-speed computer requires the components and connecting lines on the integrated circuit chip to be arranged intensively, but the densely arranged circuit will generate a lot of heat when it works, if the superconducting material with resistance close to zero is used to make the connecting line or ultramicro The heating superconducting device does not have the problem of heat dissipation, which can greatly improve the speed of the computer.
Energy materials
Energy materials mainly include solar cell materials, hydrogen storage materials, solid oxide battery materials, etc.
The solar cell material is a new energy material. The multi-layer composite solar cell developed by IBM has a conversion rate of up to 40%.
Hydrogen is an ideal energy with no pollution and high efficiency. The key to the utilization of hydrogen is the storage and transportation of hydrogen. About 50% of the total research funds of the U.S. Department of energy are used for hydrogen storage technology. Hydrogen will corrode general materials, cause hydrogen embrittlement and leakage, and explode easily in transportation. The hydrogen storage method of hydrogen storage materials is that they can combine with hydrogen to form hydrides. When necessary, they can be heated and discharged, and then they can continue to be filled with hydrogen. Most hydrogen storage materials are metal compounds. Such as lani5h, ti1.2mn1.6h3, etc.
The research of SOFC is very active, the key is battery materials, such as solid electrolyte film and cathode materials, and organic proton exchange membrane for PEMFC.
Smart materials
Intelligent material is the fourth generation material after natural material, synthetic polymer material and artificial design material. It is one of the important directions of the development of modern high-tech new materials. Foreign countries have made many technological breakthroughs in the research and development of intelligent materials, such as the wire sensor of British aerospace company, which is used to test the strain and temperature on the aircraft skin; the UK has developed a rapid reaction shape memory alloy, with a life cycle of one million times, and high output power, when it is used as a brake, the reaction time is only 10 minutes; the shape memory alloy has also been developed Work is applied in satellite antenna, medicine and other fields.
In addition, there are piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, conductive polymer materials, electrorheological fluids, magnetorheological fluids and other intelligent material driving component materials and other functional materials.
magnetic material
Magnetic materials can be divided into soft magnetic materials and hard magnetic materials.
1. Soft magnetic material
It refers to those materials that are easy to magnetize and can be magnetized repeatedly, but when the magnetic field is removed, the magnetism disappears. The characteristic sign of this kind of material is: the permeability (μ = B / h) is high, that is to say, it is easy to be magnetized in the magnetic field, and soon reaches a high magnetization intensity; but when the magnetic field disappears, its remanence is very small. This material is widely used in high frequency technology. For example, the core, head and memory core can be used to make transformers, switching relays, etc. The commonly used soft magnets are ferrosilicon alloy, ferronickel alloy and amorphous metal.
Fe - (3% ~ 4%) Si ferrosilicon alloy is the most commonly used soft magnetic material, commonly used as the iron core of low-frequency transformer, motor and generator; the performance of ferronickel alloy is better than that of ferrosilicon alloy, the typical representative material is permalloy, its composition is 79% ni-21% Fe, permalloy has high permeability (permeability μ is 10 ~ 20 times of ferrosilicon alloy), low loss; and in weak magnetic field The field has high permeability and low coercive force, which is widely used in telecommunication industry, electronic computer and control system. It is an important electronic material. The difference between amorphous metal (metallic glass) and general metal is that its structure is amorphous. They are composed of Fe, Co, Ni and semi-metallic elements B and Si. The key point of their production process is to cool the liquid metal at a very fast speed, so that the solid metal can obtain the amorphous structure with irregular arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals have excellent magnetic properties. They have been used in low energy consumption transformers, magnetic sensors, recording heads, etc. In addition, some amorphous metals have excellent corrosion resistance, some amorphous metals have the characteristics of high strength and good toughness.
2. Permanent magnetic materials (hard magnetic materials)
After being magnetized, the permanent magnetic material retains its magnetism after removing the external magnetic field. Its performance is characterized by high remanence and high coercive force. The permanent magnet can be made by using this characteristic and can be used as the magnetic source. Such as compass, instrument, micro motor, electric motor, recorder, telephone and medical treatment. Permanent magnet materials include ferrite and metal permanent magnet materials.
Ferrite is widely used in large quantity and low price, but its magnetic properties are general, so it can be used in general permanent magnet.
Among the permanent magnet materials, the first one is high carbon steel, but its magnetic properties are poor. The varieties of high-performance permanent magnet materials are al Ni Co and Fe Cr Co; rare earth permanent magnet, such as the earlier re Co alloy (the main varieties are SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 made by powder metallurgy technology), widely used Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet. The Nd-Fe-B magnet not only has excellent performance, but also does not contain rare element cobalt, so it has become a high-performance permanent magnet The representative materials have been used in high-performance loudspeakers, electronic water meters, nuclear magnetic resonance instruments, micro motors, automobile starting motors, etc.
nanometer material
Nano is a scale, nano science and technology is a high-tech integrated system, its basic meaning is to understand and transform nature within the scope of nano size, through direct operation and arrangement of atomic and molecular innovative substances. Nanotechnology mainly includes: nano system physics, nano chemistry, nano materials, nano biology, Nano Electronics, nano processing, Nano Mechanics.
Nanomaterials are the most active and abundant branch of Science in the field of nanotechnology. In the 1980s, nano materials are solid materials composed of nano particles, of which the size of nano particles is no more than 100 nanometers. The preparation and synthesis technology of nanomaterials is the main research direction at present. Although some progress has been made in the synthesis of samples, a large number of bulk samples can not be prepared so far, so the preparation of nanomaterials plays an important role in its application.
1. Properties of nanomaterials
Physical and chemical properties The melting point and crystallization temperature of nanoparticles are much lower than that of conventional powders, which is due to the high surface energy and high activity of nanoparticles and the low energy consumption during melting. For example, the melting point of general lead is 600k, while the melting point of 20nm lead particles is lower than 288k; nano metal particles present electrical insulation at low temperature; nano particles have very strong light absorption, so almost all kinds of nanoparticles present Black; nano materials have strange magnetism, which is mainly manifested in the different magnetic properties of nano particles with different particle sizes. When the particle size is higher than a certain critical size, it shows a high coercive force, while when the particle size is lower than a certain size, the coercive force is very small. For example, the coercive force of nickel particles with a particle size of 85nm is very high, while the coercive force of nickel particles with a particle size less than 15nm is close to zero; nano The particles have large specific surface area, and their surface chemical activity is much greater than that of normal powders. Therefore, the original chemically inert platinum nanoparticles (platinum black) have become excellent catalysts.
The diffusion and sintering properties of nanostructured materials are 1014-1020 times of lattice diffusion rate and 102-104 times of grain boundary diffusion rate, so nanostructured materials can be effectively doped at a lower temperature, and immiscible gold can form new alloy phase at a lower temperature. Another result of the increase of diffusion ability is that the sintering temperature of nanostructured materials can be greatly reduced, so the densification can be achieved by sintering at a lower temperature.
Compared with common materials, the mechanical properties of nano materials have significant changes, and the strength and hardness of some materials have been doubled; nano materials also show superplasticity state, that is, they produce a large amount of elongation before fracture.
2. Application of nanomaterials
Nanometer metal: for example, nanometer iron material is made by pressing 6 nanometer iron crystal, which is 12 times stronger than ordinary iron and 2-3 orders of magnitude harder. With nanometer iron material, special steel with high strength and toughness can be made. As for the metal with high melting point and difficult to form, as long as it is processed into nano powder, it can be melted at a lower temperature and made into a high-temperature resistant component, which is used to develop a new generation of high-speed engine materials bearing ultra-high temperature.
"Nano ball" lubricant: the full name is "atomic self-assembled nano ball solid lubricant". It is a nano lubricant made of aluminum based alloy with icosahedral atomic cluster structure and processed by a unique nano preparation process. By using high-speed air flow comminution technology, the particle size of additives can be precisely controlled, which can form a new surface on the friction surface and repair the locomotive engine. Its composition design and preparation process are innovative, which fills in the blank technology of lubricant alloy based additives. Adding nanospheres to locomotive engines can save fuel, repair worn surfaces, enhance locomotive power, reduce noise, reduce pollutant emissions and protect the environment.
Nano ceramics: firstly, the sintering temperature of ceramics can be reduced and the production process can be simplified by using nano powder. At the same time, nano ceramics have good plasticity and even superplasticity, which solves the weakness of the common ceramics with insufficient toughness and greatly expands the application field of ceramics.
The diameter of carbon nanotubes is only 1.4nm, which is only 1% of the linewidth of the thinnest circuit on the computer microprocessor chip. Its quality is 1 / 6 of that of the same volume steel, but its strength is 100 times of that of steel. Carbon nanotubes will become the first choice material of high energy fibers in the future, and widely used in the manufacture of ultra-fine wires, switches and nano electronic circuits.
Nano catalyst Because the surface area of nano materials is greatly increased, and the surface structure is also greatly changed, so the surface activity is enhanced, so nano materials can be used as catalysts, such as ultrafine boron powder and high ammonium chromate powder can be used as effective catalysts for explosives; ultrafine platinum powder and tungsten carbide powder are efficient hydrogenation catalysts; ultrafine silver powder can be used as catalysts for ethylene oxidation; ultra-fine The fine Fe3O4 particles can be used as catalyst to decompose CO2 into carbon and water at low temperature, and the combustion efficiency can be doubled by adding a small amount of nickel powder to rocket fuel.
In the manufacturing of quantum components, the first step is to develop a quantum box. Quantum box is a tiny structure with a diameter of about 10 nanometers. When electrons are locked in such a box, they will have unusual performance due to quantum effect. Using this phenomenon, quantum elements can be made. Quantum elements work mainly by controlling the phase of electronic wave, so that it can achieve higher response speed and lower power consumption. In addition, the quantum element can also make the size of the element greatly reduced and the circuit greatly simplified. Therefore, the rise of the quantum element will lead to an electronic technology revolution. People are looking forward to making 16 GB DRAM in the 21st century by using quantum elements. Such a memory chip can store 1 billion Chinese characters.
China has developed an emulsifier made by nanotechnology. When gasoline is added in a certain proportion, the fuel consumption of cars like Santana can be reduced by about 10%; the nano materials have excellent hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature, and about 2 / 3 of the hydrogen energy can be released from these nano materials at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, without expensive ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen storage device.
hotspot issues
Development of new composite materials in China
The development potential of composite materials in China is great, but the following hot issues should be dealt with well.
Composite innovation
Composite innovation includes composite technology development, composite technology development, composite product development and composite application. Specifically, we should grasp the development innovation of resin matrix, reinforcement material, production technology and product application. By 2007, the proportion of Asia in the total sales volume of composite materials in the world will increase from 18% to 25%. The per capita consumption in Asia is only 0.29kg, while that in the United States is 6.8kg. Asia has great growth potential.
Development of polyacrylonitrile based fiber
The development of China's carbon fiber industry is slow. From the perspective of CF development review, characteristics, domestic carbon fiber development process, China's Pan Based CF market overview, characteristics, and "the Tenth Five Year Plan" scientific and technological breakthrough, it is possible and necessary to develop polyacrylonitrile based fibers.
Glass fiber structure adjustment
More than 70% of China's glass fiber is used for reinforced base materials, which has cost advantage in the international market. However, there is still a gap between China and advanced countries in terms of variety, specification and quality. It is necessary to improve and develop yarn, woven fabric, non-woven felt, woven fabric, sewing woven fabric and composite felt, promote close cooperation between the two industries of glass fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics, and promote the new development of glass fiber reinforced materials.
Development of composite material market for energy and transportation
First, composite materials for clean and renewable energy, including composite materials for wind power generation, composite materials for FGD devices, composite materials for power transmission and transformation equipment, and natural gas and hydrogen high-pressure containers; second, composite materials for automobile and urban rail transit, including automobile body, framework and body outer covering parts, rail transit body, door, seat, cable trough and cable rack , grid, electrical box, etc.; third, composite materials for civil aircraft, mainly carbon fiber composite materials. Thermoplastic composite materials account for about 10%, and the main products are wing parts, vertical tail, nose cover, etc. In the next 20 years, China needs to add 661 regional jets, which will form a large industry of civil aviation airliners. Composite materials can be built into a new industry to match it. Fourth, composite materials for boats, mainly yachts and fishing boats, have a large market in Europe and the United States as high-end entertainment durable consumer goods. Due to the reduction of Chinese fish resources and slow development of fishing boats, composite materials have unique advantages There is still room for development.
technology
New material technology is a new material technology that can meet all kinds of needs through a series of research processes, such as physical research, material design, material processing, test and evaluation, according to human will. According to the properties of materials, new materials are divided into four categories: metallic materials, inorganic non-metallic materials (such as ceramics, GaAs semiconductors, etc.), organic polymer materials and advanced composite materials. According to the performance of materials, there are structural materials and functional materials. Structural materials mainly use the mechanical and physical and chemical properties of materials to meet the performance requirements of high strength, high rigidity, high hardness, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, etc. Stealth materials can absorb electromagnetic waves or reduce the infrared radiation of weapons and equipment, making it difficult for enemy detection systems to find. New material technology is called "mother of invention" and "industrial grain".
application
With the progress of science and technology, the new materials of industrial textiles are constantly showing the trend of development, and their uses are constantly expanding to various fields. Some fibers with special functions, such as aramid fiber, polyphenylene sulfide, carbon fiber, etc., although the price is more expensive, but in the field of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, fire resistance and high temperature resistance, are still favored by the market.
As the foundation and forerunner of high and new technology, new materials are widely used. Together with information technology and biotechnology, they have become the most important and potential fields in the 21st century. Like traditional materials, new materials can be classified from different angles such as structure, function and application. Simultaneous interpreting and classification are new.
Electronic information materials, new energy materials, nano materials, advanced composite materials, advanced ceramic materials, ecological environment materials, new functional materials (including high-temperature superconductive materials, magnetic materials, diamond films, functional polymer materials, etc.), biomedical materials, high-performance structural materials, intelligent materials, new building and chemical new materials, etc.
Flame retardant
The marriage of architecture and textiles has only happened in recent years. Fiber into concrete, to enhance the building strength, anti-aging effect, has achieved results, in the construction of Olympic venues, many such examples. However, as the construction industry used fire, flame retardant materials textiles, has not caused enough attention. People still remember the fire in the CCTV building on February 9, 2009. This fire has brought serious harm to the life and property safety of the country and the people. The media revealed that the cause of the fire was inflammable material on the building's exterior wall -- extruded plastic plates caught fire when fireworks were set off. Although the extruded board is environmentally friendly, it is inflammable and can be overheated very quickly. The use of this flammable material, once encountered on Mars, the damage is inevitable. In the field of construction engineering, in order to reduce the loss caused by this, the countries of the world pay special attention to the research of flame retardant materials. A number of high performance and flame retardant polymers have emerged, including PEEK, PEI, PPS, PPSU, PES, PVDF, and PPO.
China the production and use at present most is flame retardant finishing fabrics, including cotton, polyester, wool, polyester/cotton and various blended the durability of the flame retardant fabric and cotton, viscose, polyester non flame retardant fabric washing durability, know-how personage points out, as the ceaseless improvement of people's life and the environment condition, people is higher and higher performance requirements of the flame retardant textiles, should be a manpower and money, increase the development dimension stability, chemical resistance and abrasion resistance of flame retardant fiber products, expand the scope of application. China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the development of flame-retardant materials, among which the flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant materials of industrial textiles have attracted special attention and become the development direction and trend of flame-retardant fibers. In 2009, a major scientific research achievement -- the key technology and industrialization of aramid 1313 and heat-resistant insulating paper preparation was appraised by the experts organized by China national textile industry association, and this achievement also won the first prize of science and technology of China national textile industry association.
The world aramid production in 31,000 tons, among which the United States dupont company production of 25,000 tons, followed by Japan di ren company, with an annual output of about 2,500 tons. The enterprises producing aramid 1313 in China mainly include yantai spandex, shengou group and guangdong caiyan co., LTD. The total annual output is between 5,000 tons and 6,000 tons, which is far from meeting the market demand. China industrial textile industry association senior engineer Dr. Zhang yan said that the country issued building materials to the countryside policy, industrial textiles can help. Some high performance fibers are used in building materials to enhance, prevent fire and flame retardation. If these high-performance fibers can be included in the range of building materials to the countryside, the use of industrial textiles can be expanded and the market of industrial textiles can be expanded.
Low carbon
Environmental protection and low carbon are the mainstream in today's world, and reducing carbon emissions is the long-term goal of the country. Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers are the material of choice for industrial dust removal due to their characteristics of wear resistance, high melting point (no melting at 200 degrees) and stability. PPS fibers are widely used in China's coal, power and cement industries as the "vanguard" of emission reduction. According to some data, bagged dust removal equipment for coal-fired power plants and coal-fired boilers accounts for less than 10% of the total dust removal equipment in China. With the increase of national environmental protection and the increasing awareness of the advantages of bag dust removal technology, the annual demand of PPS fiber will increase by more than 30% per year, and the market prospect is very broad. In addition, PPS fiber is widely used in urban garbage incineration, automobile exhaust dust removal, thermal insulation materials, insulation materials, chemical filtration materials and other aspects, and the demand is increasing year by year.
On 2018-08-08 11:45:46
